Interventions to reduce the stigma of mental health at work: a narrative review

Abstract Background While there are reviews of the literature on mental health stigma reduction programs, very few have focused on the workplace. Objective: We sought to identify, describe and compare the main characteristics of the interventions to reduce the stigma towards mental health at work. Method The search of original articles (2007 to 2022) was carried out in the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases, selecting 25 articles from the key terms: 1. Stigma, 2. Workplace, 3. Anti-stigma intervention/program, 4. Mental health. Results: These interventions can be effective in changing the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of workers towards people with mental health problems, although further verification of these results is needed as they are limited to date. Discussion and conclusion Interventions to reduce stigma in the workplace could create more supportive work environments by reducing negative attitudes and discrimination and improving awareness of mental disorders.

Detección temprana de deterioro cognitivo leve en personas mayores durante la pandemia: protocolo cribado online / Early detection of mild cognitive impairment in older people during the pandemic: online screening protocol

Introducción: la pandemia COVID-19 ha tenido un gran impacto en la vida y en especial en las personas mayores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar un protocolo de cribado online para detectar tempranamente Deterioro Cognitivo Leve en personas mayores. Métodos: fue de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo. La muestra fue de 22 personas mayores de las comunas de Coronel y Lota, Región del Bio-bio. El protocolo estaba compuesto por: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Test del Reloj Versión Cacho, Moca versión validada en Chile, Escala Depresión Yesavage y Test Acentuación de Palabras. El procedimiento consistió en la aplicación del protocolo a través de un Tablet o Laptop. Resultados: se encontró que la mayoría no presentaba deterioro cognitivo, pero si depresión. Conclusiones: se discute sobre la aplicación de un protocolo de diagnóstico online en personas mayores y los indicadores de depresión que podrían estar dado por la situación actual de pandemia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact in the world, more so in the lives of elderly people. The objective of this study was to explore an online screening protocol to detect early Mild Cognitive Impairment. The method was both quantitative and qualitative, the sample included 22 elderly people from the Coronel y Lota, Biobio region. The protocol was integrated with a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Clock Drawing Test (Cacho Version), MOCA (validated in Chile version), Yesavage Depression Scale (Reduced version) and the Word Accentuation Test. The evaluation involved applying the protocol online in a tele neuropsychological assessment. The results showed that most of the elder people evaluated did not present cognitive impairment but did have depression. The application of an online diagnostic protocol in older people and the indicators of depression that could be given by the current pandemic situation are discussed.

Factores motivacionales de diseño del trabajo y su relación con desempeño laboral / Motivational work design factors and their relationship with work performance / Fatores motivacionais do desenho do trabalho e sua relação com o desempenho

El estudio aborda la relación entre las características motivacionales de diseño del trabajo y diferentes dimensiones de desempeño laboral, adoptando un enfoque ampliado respecto a su multidimensionalidad. Trabajadores de dos organizaciones chilenas (N = 197, 12.7 % mujeres, 87.3 % hombres, M = 35.63 años) reportaron sus percepciones del diseño del trabajo y recibieron una valoración de desempeño de sus superiores directos. Se encontró que la expansión del significado y número de criterios del desempeño más allá del desempeño de tarea puede jugar un rol clave en esta relación. La relación entre las variables de diseño motivacional del trabajo y el desempeño individual se modifican al considerar las dimensiones emergentes de desempeño (contextual, adaptativo y proactivo). Además, la autonomía, en cuanto componente motivacional del diseño, presenta mayor relación con desempeño adaptativo y desempeño proactivo que las otras variables motivacionales de diseño, demostrando también su potencial predictivo sobre el desempeño.

The study addresses the relationship between motivational work design characteristics and different dimensions of individual work performance, adopting an expanded approach to its multidimensionality. Workers from two Chilean organizations (N = 197, 12.7% women, 87.3% men, M = 35.63 years) reported their perceptions of work design and received a performance appraisal by their direct superiors. It was found that the expansion of the meaning and number of performance criteria beyond task performance can play a key role in this relationship. The relationship between the variables of motivational work design and individual performance is modified when considering the emerging dimensions of performance (contextual, adaptive, and proactive). Furthermore, autonomy, as a motivational component of work design, has a greater relationship with adaptive performance and proactive performance than the other motivational work design variables, also demonstrating its predictive potential with respect to performance.

O estudo aborda a relação entre as características motivacionais do desenho do trabalho e as dimensões do desempenho no trabalho, adotando uma abordagem ampliada à sua multidimensionalidade. Trabalhadores de duas organizações chilenas (N = 197, 12,7% mulheres, 87,3% homens, M = 35,63 anos) relataram suas percepções sobre o desenho do trabalho e receberam uma avaliação de desempenho de seus superiores diretos. Verificou-se que a expansão do significado e o número de critérios de desempenho além do desempenho da tarefa podem desempenhar um papel fundamental nesse relacionamento. A relação entre as variáveis de desenho motivacional do trabalho e desempenho individual é modificada quando se consideram as dimensões emergentes do desempenho (contextual, adaptativo e proativo). Além disso, a autonomia, como componente motivacional do desenho, apresenta maior relação com o desempenho adaptativo e o desempenho proativo do que as outras variáveis motivacionais do desenho, demonstrando também seu potencial preditivo sobre o desempenho.

Percepción de autoeficacia y rendimiento en tareas de memoria operativa: Comparación entre adultos mayores y jóvenes / Perception of self-efficacy and actual performance in working memory tasks: A comparison between older and younger adults

Resumen La vejez se ha caracterizado por la existencia de una declinación natural de la memoria, como asimismo de su autoeficacia. La relación entre ambas ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones que confirman que la autoeficacia de la memoria afecta el rendimiento en tareas de memoria. Sin embargo, existe un grupo menor de investigaciones donde no se presenta dicha relación. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria con el rendimiento en tareas de memoria en adultos mayores y jóvenes. Los participantes fueron 200 adultos mayores y 111 jóvenes universitarios quienes respondieron dos instrumentos: uno de percepción de autoeficacia de memoria, y otro de rendimiento en tareas memoria operativa y/o memoria de corto plazo, ambos instrumentos fueron construidos y adaptados de forma tal que fueran comparables entre sí. Los resultados muestran que los adultos mayores presentan un menor rendimiento en casi todas las tareas de memoria y una leve superioridad en la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria, existe una relación significativa entre ambas medicinas. En cambio, en los jóvenes su percepción de autoeficacia fue levemente inferior, pero su rendimiento fue superior.

Aging has been characterized by a natural decline of memory, as well as by a decline in the perception of memory self-efficacy. The relationship between these two variables has been the subject of several studies, confirming that the perception of mnemonic self-efficacy affects actual performance on memory tasks. However, there is a smaller group of studies where this relationship has not been found. The objective of the present study was to compare the perception of self-efficacy of memory with performance in memory tasks in older and younger adults. Two hundred older adults and 111 university students participated in the study by responding two instruments: one Perception of Memory Self-Efficacy, and another one on Performance in Operational Memory tasks. Both instruments were constructed and adapted so that they be comparable. The results showed that older adults have a lower performance in almost all memory tasks and a slight superiority in the perception of memory self-efficacy, and a significant relationship was found between the two. On the other hand, in younger people's beliefs about their memory were slightly lower, but they performed better.

Percepción de autoeficacia y rendimiento en tareas de memoria operativa: comparación entre adultos mayores y jóvenes / Perception of self-efficacy and actual performance in working memory tasks: a comparison between older and younger adults

Resumen La vejez se ha caracterizado por la existencia de una declinación natural de la memoria, como asimismo de su autoeficacia. La relación entre ambas ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones que confirman que la autoeficacia de la memoria afecta el rendimiento en tareas de memoria. Sin embargo, existe un grupo menor de investigaciones donde no se presenta dicha relación. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria con el rendimiento en tareas de memoria en adultos mayores y jóvenes. Los participantes fueron 200 adultos mayores y 111 jóvenes universitarios quienes respondieron dos instrumentos: uno de percepción de autoeficacia de memoria, y otro de rendimiento en tareas memoria operativa y/o memoria de corto plazo, ambos instrumentos fueron construidos y adaptados de forma tal que fueran comparables entre sí. Los resultados muestran que los adultos mayores presentan un menor rendimiento en casi todas las tareas de memoria y una leve superioridad en la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria, existe una relación significativa entre ambas medicines. En cambio, en los jóvenes su percepción de autoeficacia fue levemente inferior, pero su rendimiento fue superior.

Aging has been characterized by a natural decline of memory, as well as by a decline in the perception of memory self-efficacy. The relationship between these two variables has been the subject of several studies, confirming that the perception of mnemonic self-efficacy affects actual performance on memory tasks. However, there is a smaller group of studies where this relationship has not been found. The objective of the present study was to compare the perception of self-efficacy of memory with performance in memory tasks in older and younger adults. Two hundred older adults and 111 university students participated in the study by responding two instruments: one Perception of Memory Self-Efficacy, and another one on Performance in Operational Memory tasks. Both instruments were constructed and adapted so that they be comparable. The results showed that older adults have a lower performance in almost all memory tasks and a slight superiority in the perception of memory self-efficacy, and a significant relationship was found between the two. On the other hand, in younger people's beliefs about their memory were slightly lower, but they performed better.